BADANIA ELEKTRYCZNYCH PARAMETRÓW PROCESU ROZRUCHU SILNIKA O ZAPŁONIE SAMOCZYNNYM

During the engine start-up occurs the number of negative phenomena, which have an impact on the engine condition, its electrical equipmentand the natural environment in which it is used. The starting process of the diesel engine is affected by number of factors such as: technical conditionof the start-up engine unit, engine technical condition, the level of charged battery, the features of grease, engine immobilization time, engine temperature,etc. Mechanical energy needed to initiate the diesel engine start-up is supplied by electric starter motor by means of engine crankshaft. Knowledgeconcerning the work parameters of electrical starter during the start-up of diesel engine may be crucial not only for the user of the engine (driverof the vehicle), but above all for designers of modern diesel engine start-up units and maintenance staff. The article presents the results of electricalparameters of start-up of single cylinder diesel engine.Podczas procesu rozruchu silnika spalinowego zachodzi wiele negatywnych zjawisk, mających wpływ na kondycję silnika, jego osprzętu elektrycznego oraz środowiska naturalnego w jakim jest użytkowany. Na proces uruchamiania silnika spalinowego wpływ ma wiele czynników takich jak: stan techniczny układu rozruchowego, stan techniczny silnika, stopień naładowania akumulatora, własności smaru, czas unieruchomienia silnika, temperatura silnika etc. Energia mechaniczna potrzebna do zainicjowania pracy silnika spalinowego dostarczana jest przez rozrusznik elektryczny poprzez napędzanie wału korbowego silnika. Wiedza na temat parametrów pracy elektrycznego rozrusznika w trakcie rozruchu silnika spalinowego może być istotna nie tylko dla użytkownika silnika (kierowcy pojazdu), ale przede wszystkim dla projektantów nowoczesnych układów rozruchowych silników spalinowych oraz personelu obsługi serwisowej. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań parametrów elektrycznych rozruchu jednocylindrowego silnika spalinowego o zapłonie samoczynnym

The Possibility of Noticing the Cyclists Based on Reflective Effect of the Elements on the Bicycle Pedals

The article presents the results of the research describing the changes of bicycle pedal angle relative to the ground, depending on the bicycle crank setting, and the impact of these parameters on detecting the reflective effect emitted by the reflective elements mounted on the bicycle pedals. The results of the road tests determining the cyclist detecting by a car driver, when bicycle is equipped only with bicycle pedals, reflective lights, illuminated with car′s passing lights are also presented. The research described in this article has been carried out for the purpose of reviewing the causes of traffic accidents, occurring at night, in the areas not illuminated by the street lights, in which the cyclists using defective bicycles (according to the regulations) took part

Application of the vibration signal in the diagnosis of the valve clearance of an internal combustion engine

The article describes a concept of a non-invasive method for diagnosing the size of the valve clearance of combustion engines based on an analysis of engine surface vibration signal using artificial neural networks. The applicability of the method was tested on a single-cylinder compression-ignition engine with a low power rating, which had an OHV timing gear acting indirectly on the valves and manual adjustment of valve clearance. The method uses as diagnostic signals the readings of vibration sensors, recording the acceleration of engine head movement as a function of the angle of rotation of its crankshaft, with pre-set values of valve lash measured in a cold condition. From among the recorded signals, components corresponding to the impact of rocker arms on valve stems were identified, and then these components were subjected to low-pass filtering in order to eliminate measurement interference. Using artificial neural networks, a classifier of selected measures of the processed signals was constructed, which recognizes signals generated by engines with correct valve clearance as well as those with too much and too little valve clearance

Application of vibration signal in the diagnosis of IC engine valve clearance

The article describes a concept of a non-invasive method for diagnosing the size of valve clearance in internal combustion engines, based on the analysis of engine surface vibration signals using artificial neural networks. The applicability of the method was tested on a single-cylinder compression-ignition engine with a low power rating, which had an OHV timing gear, acting indirectly on the valves, and manual adjustment of valve clearance. The method uses as diagnostic signals the readings of vibration sensors, which record the acceleration of engine head movement as a function of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft, with pre-set valve clearance values measured in a cold condition. From among the signals recorded, components corresponding to the impact of rocker arms against valve stems were identified and low-pass filtered in order to eliminate measurement interference. A classifier of selected features of the signals processed was constructed using artificial neural networks. This classifier recognizes signals generated by engines with correct valve clearance as well as those with too much and too little valve clearance

Operational Tests of Brake Fluid in Passenger Cars

During the operation of vehicles, the properties of liquids and consumables deteriorate, which may affect the level of safety of technical systems and road traffic safety. The results of testing brake fluid aging as a function of boiling point and percentage of water content were presented on a selected group of passenger cars. The tested vehicles were varied in terms of age and kilometer mileage. The methodology for testing the quality of brake fluid based on glycol selected passenger cars remaining in service has been presented. In this study was shown a significant decrease in the brake fluids quality during the two years of operation in vehicles. The determination of boiling point was more efficient than the determination of water content. Despite the lack of full vehicle operational information, the obtained test results allow for exciting observations

A METHOD OF VERIFYING THE ROBOT'S TRAJECTORY FOR GOALS WITH A SHARED WORKSPACE

The latest market research (Fanuc Polska 2019) shows that the robotization of the Polish industry is accelerating. More and more companies are investing in robotic production lines, which enable greater efficiency of implemented processes and reduce labour costs. The article presents the possibilities of using virtual reality (VR) for behavioural analysis in open robotic systems with a shared workspace. The aim of the article is to develop a method of verification of programmed movements of an industrial robot in terms of safety and efficiency in systems with a shared workspace. The method of the robot program verification on the digital model of the working cell made in VR will be checked. The obtained research results indicate a great potential of this method in industrial applications as well as for educational purposes

IMPACT-BASED PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM EXCITED FROM DIESEL ENGINE SUSPENSION

Vibration energy harvesting systems are using real ambient sources of vibration excitation. In our paper, we study the dynamical voltage response of the piezoelectric vibrational energy harvesting system (PVEHs) with a mechanical resonator possessing an amplitude limiter. The PVEHs consist of the cantilever beam with a piezoelectric patch. The proposed system was subjected to the inertial excitation from the engine suspension. Impacts of the beam resonator are useful to increase of system’s frequency transition band. The suitable simulations of the resonator and piezoelectric transducer are performed by using measured signal from the engine suspension. Voltage outputs of linear (without amplitude limiter) and nonlinear harvesters were compared indicating better efficiency of the nonlinear design

Fetal adenocarcinoma — a rare variant of lung adenocarcinoma with good prognosis

Fetal adenocarcinoma (FA) is a rare variant of lung adenocarcinoma with a good prognosis which represents approximately 0.5% of all primary lung neoplasms. The tumour has nonciliated tubules with morules in the lumen resembling fetal lung at 10 to 16 weeks of gestation. FA typically occurs in young patients 75–80% of whom are tobacco smokers. FA occurs in low- and high-grade forms. Surgical procedure is usually necessary to obtain final diagnosis and a complete surgical resection is the standard treatment. The 5-year survival rate for FA is about 75–80%. We report a case of 32-year-old male, a smoker, who had an incomplete regression of parenchymal consolidations after antibiotic treatment, which led to further diagnostics. An intravenous tumour in one of the pulmonary veins with concomitant development of collateral circulation and pulmonary venous infarction were additional diagnostic problems. Based on the intraoperative microscopic examination, fetal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed. An upper right bilobectomy with intrapericardial ligation of the right superior pulmonary vein was performed as radical treatment. At the 9-month follow-up stage, there has been no evidence of disease recurrence.